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Noise dependence in PET liver image on patient's applied activity, weight and BMI
PEJŠKOVÁ, Veronika
The topic of this bachelor thesis is "Dependence of noise in the PET image of the liver on the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient". Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently one of the most widely used examinations in the field of oncological diseases. The goal of the bachelor thesis is to monitor the noise in the PET image of the liver during positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) depending on the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient. Another goal of this work is to propose an alternative algorithm taking into account BMI in order to maintain the image quality and reduce the radiation exposure associated with the examination in addition to the existing algorithm for determining the activity of the applied amount of FDG based purely on patient weight. In connection with these goals, a hypothesis was developed where, taking into account the patient's BMI in determining the activity of the applied amount of FDG, the radiation exposure associated with the examination can be reduced while maintaining the noise level. In the introduction to this bachelor's thesis, I focused on a detailed description of the principle of the PET imaging method, it´s construction and everything associated with the PET imaging method. A substantial part of the theory of this work is occupied by information related to the quality of the PET image, especially the noise level. I also specified the individual radiopharmaceuticals used in the field of PET and I focused more attention on the radiopharmaceutical FDG, which is crucial for this work. Part of this bachelor thesis also deals with the applied activity and the elements related to it, is weight and BMI. In the last part of the bachelor thesis I focused on the description of the hybrid PET / CT method. The practical part was focused on quantitative research. For this research, it was first determined what parameters will need to be found for the processing of the practical part and then data were collected from patients examined by FDG PET / CT at the PET center in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. for the calendar year 2021. This data was then graphically plotted and finally used for analysis. In addition to the dependence of noise on patient weight, a representation of weight on patient BMI was created. The results of the practical part showed that the noise is affected by the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient and based on further analysis, the initial hypothesis was confirmed. The final results of this work can be further used to optimize the examination protocol in the PET center of the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s.
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The evaluation of radiation burden of patients and the possibility of radiation emergence and management of emergencies at the nuclear medicine department of the Hospital České Budějovice, PLC
DAŇOVÁ, Kristína
The aim of my thesis was to evaluate radiation consequences in patients, and to evaluate unusual occurrences stemming from radiation at the department of nuclear medicine in hospital Ceske Budejovice. In the theory part, I worked with professional literature, applicable laws and internal documentation provided by the department of nuclear medicine in hospital Ceske Budejovice Plc The thesis reacted to the need of the department of nuclear medicine (dept. NM) in hospital Ceske Budejovice to evaluate the optimisation of doses for the patients and set local diagnostic levels. Different organisations worldwide deal with the question of optimising radiation protection, and their recommendations and standards are used in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the real activity of radiopharmaceuticals applied in each examination and to conduct a forecast resulting in effective doses also based on CT scans. The thesis also evaluates the occurrence of special radiation events really experienced at the department of NM (nuclear medicine) in the hospital mentioned above, the reasons for these events happening and precautions preventing them from happening in future. The owner of the permission for this activity, meaning the use of the source of ionizing radiation, has the duty to keep all documentation and paperwork in accordance with the law regulating nuclear power, abide by the rules of good practices and the real state of allowed practice. The occurrence of unusual events is closely connected with the documentation - internal emergency plan and monitoring program. (Law 263/2016) Therefore, it was recommended to compare these to the actual state and to review them based on the facts found. The values of applied activities and effective doses found were compared to the values published in the last report from UNSCEAR in 2016 and national referential values published in the bill about radiation protection no 422/ 2016. All results were inputted into tables and graphs. It was found that the applied activities at the department of NM in hospital Ceske Budejovice are in agreement with the values presented in UNSCEAR report and that they are lower than the national referential levels, which shows that there is optimised state of radiation protection for patients. The occurrence of concrete unusual radiation events at the department of NM in hospital Ceske Budejovice and their analysis revealed certain shortcomings in the process and the absence of security elements needed while holding radioactive liquid waste in storage at the hospital. It was necessary to find and implement such precautions, which will prevent similar type of events in future. The thesis will be handed in to the person tending to the radiation protection for the use of evaluation and providing the protection at the department of NM at the hospital Ceske Budejovice and to enable the documentation to be completed for the allowed activity.
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